We Live In A Gilded Age Of Produce. Within The Past Couple

We live in a Gilded age of produce. Within the past couple of years, GMOS replaced our original, natural diet with these â€Å"genetically altered† foods. GMO, or genetically modified organism, is defined as â€Å"a plant, animal, microorganism, or other organism whose genetic makeup has been modified using recombinant DNA methods (also called gene splicing), gene modification, or transgenic technology† (Non-GMO Project). What may be perceived as healthy salad at first glance, may just be a bowl of genetically modified â€Å"food†. These are underlying problems not recognized by most of the public. The use of GMOs creates endless risks and pose a threat to the environment, genetic diversity, and future. Using genetically modified seeds cuts the usage of†¦show more content†¦The companies are tricking farmers into thinking that their seeds are better for the environment, when really they are not. â€Å"Toxins from Bt seeds are released through the roots and can last in the soil for at least 234 days†. The main reason why DDT in soil lasts so long is because it â€Å"binds strongly to soil particles† (Deepak). These toxins can be leached down into the groundwater, contaminating water sources. Bt toxin can also be absorbed through other plants roots and then be eaten by animals, poisoning them. Farmers claim that they save money by using Bt seeds because they do not use pesticides, but the difference in cost is made up by the cost of the seeds: â€Å"Thompson’s soybean and corn yields are well above county average and even as the US government continues to bail out indebted farmers, Thompson is making money. He profits from both his healthy soil and crops , and from the fact that his â€Å"input† costs for chemical fertilizer, pesticides, and so forth-are almost nil† (Halweil). Thompson is an organic farmer who does not use many pesticides and makes a profit very close to what a typical farmer makes. Although Bt seeds supposedly use less pesticides, they still release toxic chemicals into the ground which is extremely harmful to the soil. Genetically transferring genes from one organism to another may sound like something in a sci-fi movie, but now it is happening more than ever. Snipping desired traits from variousShow MoreRelatedMonuments of Dr. Jose P. Rizal Around the World5518 Words   |  23 Pagessquad and on the other side is one of his poems. The central bronze figure is of Dr Rizal. The bronze figures around the sculpture were cast in Switzerland. Dr Rizals remains are buried within the monument. Inscription: I want to show to those who deprive people the right to love of country, that when we know how to sacrifice ourselves for our duties and convictions, death does not matter if one dies for those one loves – for his country and for others dear to him. To the memory of Jose RizalRead MoreThe Artistic Ambition Of Henry James7075 Words   |  29 Pagesexamine it. At an early age, James wanted to be an artist, but like his protagonist Rowland Mallet, he is too amateurish. All the same, Henry James develops a deep understanding of the arts, further cultivated in the salons and art galleries of the old world. In Europe, James would write his greatest novels — juxtaposing it with the new world of America. Drinking from the cornucopia of European experience, James develops a high appreciation of the arts as a way with which â€Å"the past is made a part of theRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagesteeth and gentle manners, are different from a European crowd. Then the vastness of England swallows you up, and you lose for a while your feeling that the whole nation has a single identifiable character. Are there really such things as nations? Are we not forty-six million individuals, all different? And the diversity of it, the chaos! The clatter of clogs in the Lancashire mill towns, the to-and-fro of the lorries on the Great North Road, the queues outside the Labour Exchanges, the rattle of pin-tablesRead MoreCeramics: Pottery and Clay17443 Words   |  70 Pagese. OTHER RELATED TOPICS †¢BINDAPUR POTTERS AS DOCUMENTED IN 1980 †¢ABUNDANT BEAUTY †¢ANDALUCIA’S NEW GOLDEN POTTERY †¢HE ONGGI POTTERS OF KOREA SUMMARY RECOMMENDATION BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION As our generation change into a modern period, until now we still recognize the nature of CERAMICS as the one of the greatest art work in every nations. Today, the term is commonly used to describe a material used in pottery. The earliest recorded ceramics were the result of various mixtures and base - combinations

Psychology - Life With (or Without) Father Essay - 1473 Words

What was the purpose of this study? This study had three purposes. The first purpose of this study was to better understand the effects of fathers’ antisocial behaviors have on their children while differentiating between those fathers who have very antisocial behavior with those that have very little. The second purpose was the find out if the effects of a father’s being in his child’s life was the same in every family. The third purpose in this study was to find out whether the children of antisocial fathers were going to develop behavioral problems from both genetic and environmental risks. What hypothesis or hypotheses did the authors test in this study? The author’s felt the father’s antisocial behavior would affect the results in†¦show more content†¦In a study done called Fragile Families Study came up with the findings that unwed fathers were more likely to use illegal drugs, to partake in domestic abuse and experience depression. It is these activities, that the father may partake in, that is considered as antisocial. The Environmental Risk Longitudinal Study provided information that enabled questions to be answered in this current study by the variety of antisocial behaviors and the usage of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Who were the participants in the study? The participants in this study were two birth cohorts (1994 amp;1995) of same-sex twins and their parents from Wales and England. 56% were monozygotic and 44% were dizygotic twin pairs. The participants were members of the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study to study how genetic and environmental factor’s can shape a child’s development and specifically how a father’s role in his child’s life, (whether living with or away from the child and whether he is very antisocial or just a little) can affect the child’s own behavior and conduct. Out of 15,906 pairs of twins born, 71% joined the study. The children were all around the age of five as data was collected within 120 days of the twin’s fifth birthday. Several of the 1,210 families that were used in this study had to be excluded out of the findings due to them moving or them not being able to speak English. What did the participants do? About 2 researchers went to twoShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Anna Freud1346 Words   |  5 Pagescan also be said about non creative minds. If a person gets everything given to them such as a rich person, they don’t have to work towards a goal and do not have to come up with any new ways to do anything. Anna Freud accomplished a lot through her life time from her childhood until her death and even after. Anna Freud was the daughter of Sigmund and Martha Freud of Vienna. She was the youngest of six children. She was born December 3, 1895. She went to school at the private school, Cottage LucreumRead MoreAnna Freud1216 Words   |  5 Pagesthe field of psychology between the years 1850 and 1950 is not an easy task as there is more than one woman who made significant contributions to the field of Psychology. Out of those talented women Anna Freud, overshadows her colleagues. Anna can be considered to have a fascinating background, which influenced her later development of unique theoretical perspectives. Her father, Sigmund Freud famous for his multiple theories about the mind he is regarded as the founder of psychology probably influencedRead MoreFeminist Theory Of Neurotic Need, And Neo Freudian Psychology894 Words   |  4 Pagesher findings of feminine psychology, theory of neurotic need, and neo-freudian psychology. What attracted me most to Karen Horney was the relation I share d with her suffering from depression growing up. 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Read MoreMaslow s Motivation And Personality1 604 Words   |  7 Pageswas the first of seven children born to Russian - Jewish immigrants. While Maslow’s father was uneducated, he pushed his son academically and encouraged him to become a lawyer. Maslow began his extensive education at City College of New York but later told his father that he did not want to study law. In 1928, after marrying his wife Berta, he transferred to the University of Wisconsin to st udy psychology under the guidance of Harry Harlow. Two years later he obtained his Bachelor’s degreeRead MoreI Am Sam Analysis1508 Words   |  7 Pagesshown a huge importance in the filmed of a real life situation to the viewers. In which a man named Sam Dawson a loving, caring mentally challenged father that takes care of his daughter Lucy. The movie shows a more real-life situation that was when Lucy turns 7 she passes her intellectual further than her father, and their bond that they have is being taken away from social service. Also, as for how well Sam could stand up for what he believed as a father with many obstacles and struggles despised ofRead MoreA Russian American Psychologist, Urie Brofenbrenner1721 Words   |  7 Pages until moving in Letchworth Village in New York where his father work as a research director and clinical physiologist at the New York State Institution for the mentally retarded. For education, he attended high school and Haverstraw, New York; after graduation he pursued a double major in psychology and music at Cornell U niversity, a master’s degree in education from Harvard University in 1940, and a doctorate in developmental psychology from the University of Michigan. He, then, servedRead MoreEffects Of Maternal Separation On Children s Development1397 Words   |  6 PagesThe bond that a child and their parents or caregivers form plays a vital role in the child’s life. Studies were performed by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth to observe the effects that maternal separation had on the child’s development. The hypothesis they formed based off their observations became known as the attachment theory. The attachment theory came about on the core principle that â€Å"children brought up with consistent, loving parents or significant, reliable caregivers can develop a foundationRead MoreJohn Broadus Watson : An Experimental Study On The Psychical Development Of The White Rat1622 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Broadus Watson, the father of Behaviorism, was born in South Carolina on January 9, 1878 to Emma and Pickens Watson. John grew up in a mixed up household, his father was a known drinker while his mother was a devout Christia n. Although he took after his father and got himself into some trouble growing up, he managed to gain admission to Furman College at age sixteen. Upon graduation from Furman, one of John’s professors turned mentor Gordon Moore helped him make the next step, and the followingRead MoreHistory of Modern Psychology: Anna Freud 1346 Words   |  6 Pagesvisionaries dominated in the philosophical contributions to the psychology as a formal discipline; however, many prominent women pioneered major roles in psychology history between 1850 and 1950 (Goodwin, 2005). Freud Sigmund was not only among the Freudian to build credibility in psychology field, this is because Anna Freud-her youngest daughter took career in psychology and made important contributions in the history of psychology. The paper will discuss the background of Anna, her theoretical

Apple Logo Paper Essay Example For Students

Apple Logo Paper Essay Apple Logo Paper Trudy Swearingen Visual Literacy in Business Ray Schafer August 15, 2010 The Apple icon is probably one of the most recognizable logos I can recall. From the rainbow colored version designed by Rob Janoff and implemented in 1976, to the slick silver monochromatic version used today, it clearly conveys the Apple brand without so much as a word spoken about it. With simplicity of design, lack of mentioning the company name in print, its underlying message of â€Å"fresh† and an edge of anarchy, Apple clearly achieved what few companies have in history. They made us all think of them when we see a silver bitten apple. I was probably first introduced to Apple in the mid eighties by my techie nerd boyfriend at the time, who absolutely loved computers. It was a toss-up between going with Apple computers or going with the Amiga. Amiga won because it talked. The original Apple emblem included a drawing of Isaac Newton under the proverbial apple tree. The Isaac Newton logo was eliminated about 1 year after the company began, because the logo was considered too complicated, old fashioned, and too difficult to see the details without being so large it was impractical (The Apple Museum, Apple Facts). The logo, being simple and basic in design, also conveys a fresh approach to home computer use. Meaning that, the user could expect to have a much easier time setting up and running the computer. With Apple, the commands are icon based instead of command driven which can get very complicated for the average user like me. In the movie, Forrest Gump, we watched Forrest receive his check from Apple due to his typically accidental investment in the start up of the company. I remember seeing the rainbow Apple logo and knowing immediately what company they were inferring, without them ever having to expound on it. It is so affixed on our subconscious that they do not even add the name of the company on the logo. I believe the creators intended for us to correlate the bitten apple to the book of Genesis from the Bible where Adam ate from the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil (Advertising Society Reviews article â€Å"The Interpretation of Advertisements† by William M. OBarr Paragraph 12). They may further want us to extrapolate that there was some inherent â€Å"good† in the Apple products vs IBM or others. Perhaps as the author Berger, in Seeing is Believing: An Introduction to Visual Communication 2008, Chapter 1, Page 4, discusses Sigmund Freuds theory, the designers of the Apple logo wanted to engage the id of the consumer which may compel them subconsciously to want to partake in that illicit knowledge as well. In Advertising ; Society Reviews article â€Å"The Interpretation of Advertisements† by William M. OBarr Paragraph 14, the author relates the connection between Apple to its consumer base of â€Å"hipsters† vs boring businessmen. This could be displayed in the reverse color structure of the rainbow logo which is said to have symbolized a bit of anarchy or rebellion against the establishment. I believe that is the direct link the company has always wanted to establish, and has arguably accomplished better than any other company to date. In short, the Apple logo while changing from time to time, remains indelibly imprinted on my mind and I am sure, on the minds of most Americans, as one of the most recognizable product identifications ever. References Berger, A. (2008). Seeing is Believing: An Introduction to Visual Communication. New York: McGraw Hill O’Barr, W. (2010). The Interpretation of Advertisements. Advertising ; Society Review Advertising Educational Foundation 7:3 Retrieved August 15, 2010 from http://www. aef. com/search_out? query=Interpretation+of+Advertisements | Foljanty, L. Apple Museum. Retrieved August 16, 2010 from http://www. theapplemuseum. com/index. php? id=44

Women In Buddhism Essays - Housewife, Marriage, Gender Studies

Women In Buddhism The men may have started this war, but the women are running it. In the beginning of the war, around 1941, most American women lived as their mothers previously had. Women were supposed to have jobs just until they were married and those who did work after they were married or were mothers were regarded with a sense of pity and scorn from society. In a pre-war poll, 82 percent of Americans believed a wife should not work if her husband did. A majority of Americans believed there should have been a law to prohibit it since rural and city women, alike spent about 50 hours a week on household chores alone. When the war began it became apparent that more workers were needed. However, women were among the last groups hired. Managers believed that women would take more interest in male workers than they would with the factory machines. As the war progressed and more men were shipped out for military duty, all the men that could work in the United States were so there was no other choice but to hire women. In response the need for more workers, 6.5 million women entered the work force. Factories and companies, as well as special branches of military service tried to lure women into taking jobs by comparing the housework they did everyday to the work they would be doing in their new jobs. One billboard even stated, If youve followed the recipes in making cakes, you can learn to load a shell. Women in America accounted for one third of the work force during World War II. In the beginning of the war, most of the women who worked were single but shortly thereafter the need for wartime workers increased so greatly the factories began recruiting housewives as well. By 1943, housewife workers outnumbered single workers for the first time in history.Throughout the war women went to work in shipyards, aircraft plants and other assembly lines. They also loaded shells, operated cranes, painted ships. Many of them became welders, bus drivers, train conductors, mechanics, bellhops, nurses and day-care providers. Women comprised a third of the workers in aircraft plants and about 10 percent of the workers at the shipyards and steel mills were women. Although most war work was in factories, many women found work elsewhere. Many became secretaries and clerks in Washington D.C. and more than 200,000 women entered the special branches of the military. Such branches include Womens Army Corp (WAC), Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), and Womens Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS). These military positions allowed women to take over tasks for soldiers so they could be free to go to combat. Although women participated in jobs extremely similar to men, they were not treated equally. For the long hours women put in, their salaries averaged only 60 percent of mens. However, the greatest struggle for American women throughout the war was not simply the issue of money. The working life was difficult for these women. They would work eight to ten hours, often on a night or overnight shift and there were long rides home. When many of these women returned home from work they had to worry about their families and children. There were lines to buy food and other products and very appliances in their households to help with cooking and cleaning. World War II gave women a patriotic excuse to leave their homes. A Department of Labor poll found that 85 percent of women in the United Auto Workers union wanted to keep their jobs after the war ended. However, after the war more than 1.3 million women were released in late 1945. Current Events

Free Essays on Success Of A Salesman

In the world of business it is everyone’s dream to become rich, powerful, important, and well liked. Although it is their ultimate goal to attain these characteristics most businessmen have their priorities in order; family and kids come before success, work, and all of the previously mentioned. Yet Willy Loman’s priorities in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman are completely the opposite of what they should be. By having his priorities mixed up Willy drives Biff away from him, turns Happy in to an attention seeking fool, and creates misery for his wife. Sadly, Willy Loman thinks success and fame are more important than his relationships with the members of his family. It is obvious in reading Death of a Salesman that Biff was very important to Willy. That doesn’t mean they weren’t destined to have problems. The main problem was that Willy feels if Biff enjoys his life working on ranches instead of trying to become a business player he is wasting his life. Instead of accepting Biff’s decision to enjoy himself rather than work to become successful Willy takes the childish route and insults Biff every chance he gets. â€Å"Willy: No, you’re no good, you’re no good for anything.† (Death of a Salesman, 1260.) Every time Willy pushes Biff to make something of himself the two grow farther apart. As you know this is generally not good for a family relationship. Sometimes Willy is so focused on Biff’s and his own success both Willy and the readers forget that he has another son. Somewhere along the line Willy became so wrapped up in the potential success of Biff he forgot about poor Happy. Since Happy doesn’t get any attention from anyone he constantly says annoying, outrageous statements all the time just to become noticed by his father. â€Å"Happy: I’m gonna get married. Willy: Keep up the good work. (Changes the subject back to Biff) God†¦remember that Ebbets Field game? The championship of the city?† (Death of a S... Free Essays on Success Of A Salesman Free Essays on Success Of A Salesman In the world of business it is everyone’s dream to become rich, powerful, important, and well liked. Although it is their ultimate goal to attain these characteristics most businessmen have their priorities in order; family and kids come before success, work, and all of the previously mentioned. Yet Willy Loman’s priorities in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman are completely the opposite of what they should be. By having his priorities mixed up Willy drives Biff away from him, turns Happy in to an attention seeking fool, and creates misery for his wife. Sadly, Willy Loman thinks success and fame are more important than his relationships with the members of his family. It is obvious in reading Death of a Salesman that Biff was very important to Willy. That doesn’t mean they weren’t destined to have problems. The main problem was that Willy feels if Biff enjoys his life working on ranches instead of trying to become a business player he is wasting his life. Instead of accepting Biff’s decision to enjoy himself rather than work to become successful Willy takes the childish route and insults Biff every chance he gets. â€Å"Willy: No, you’re no good, you’re no good for anything.† (Death of a Salesman, 1260.) Every time Willy pushes Biff to make something of himself the two grow farther apart. As you know this is generally not good for a family relationship. Sometimes Willy is so focused on Biff’s and his own success both Willy and the readers forget that he has another son. Somewhere along the line Willy became so wrapped up in the potential success of Biff he forgot about poor Happy. Since Happy doesn’t get any attention from anyone he constantly says annoying, outrageous statements all the time just to become noticed by his father. â€Å"Happy: I’m gonna get married. Willy: Keep up the good work. (Changes the subject back to Biff) God†¦remember that Ebbets Field game? The championship of the city?† (Death of a S...

How to Answer the Toughest Interview Questions

How to Answer the Toughest Interview Questions The toughest interview questions can be deceptive- after all, how can â€Å"tell me about yourself† be a trap? In reality, these are questions that require some thought behind them, and that means you don’t want to look like the proverbial deer in headlights while you scramble for an answer. Here are some of the most common tough question types, and how to get through them.What is your biggest weakness?/Tell me about a time you failed./What is your greatest missed opportunity? These are questions designed to get you to be honest, and to (unofficially raise any red flags for the interviewer). They’re kind of a trap. If you say you don’t have any weaknesses or failures, they’re likely to keep digging until you reveal something you might not want to reveal. If you use a blatantly positive â€Å"weakness,† like â€Å"I love my job too much,† that will likely also result in more pushing for the real you.Instead, confront these questions hea d-on. Before the interview, prep some examples of times you faced adversity in your job, but that you persevered. Find a way to turn it into a backdoor positive: â€Å"My weakness is that I try to take on too much, but I’ve learned along the way to trust the people around me and work on realistic plans to get the job done.† Or â€Å"I used to have issues with organization, but now I’ve developed a planning method that works for me, and I also take advantage of tools like Asana to keep me on track.†Are you a team player?/Tell me about a time you handled conflict./What would you do if you disagreed with your boss?These questions are meant to gauge your ability to work with others. Incorrect answers include: â€Å"There’s no ‘I’ in ‘team,’ right?† However, you also don’t want to look like a middle-of-the-pack pushover. The best way to handle questions like these is to have specific examples of how you’ve collaborated with others in the past. If you were the leader, make sure you emphasize that, and talk about how important it is for the whole team to work well together and put aside differences so that the work gets done.Aren’t you overqualified for this position?/Where do you see yourself in five years?/What are your long-term goals?  These are commitment questions. The last person a company wants to hire is someone who’s going to bolt for a new opportunity six months in. Realistically, the interviewer knows you’re not likely to put in 50 years in this job, but it’s good to reassure him or her that you’re committed to the idea of this role. The answer to the long-term question doesn’t need to be, â€Å"I see myself right here in this position,† but definitely talk about how you see yourself growing into the role and what your professional goals are in the industry.The â€Å"overqualified† question can be especially sticky, e specially in a tough job market were people just want a foot in the door. If that’s the case, be honest that you’re seeking a position where you can settle in and build a new arm of your career, picking up new experiences and bringing your skill set to this new job, even if it’s a step back in seniority.If you practice these kinds of questions beforehand, and have a mental list of specific anecdotes and points you want to hit in the interview, the interview should go more smoothly. You never want to be caught by surprise, lest you start rambling or admitting to things that make you look like a weaker candidate. Always find a way to spin answers to these questions as either a strength or as a learning experience, and you’ll do well on interview day.

Nespresso marketing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nespresso marketing research - Essay Example This research design consisted of exploratory research done using a local pilot survey by the researcher. A questionnaire design was used due to its in expensive, convenient, and extremely efficient way of collecting a large amount of sample data and varied information from the target audience. In addition, its simplicity and convince in matters pertaining beverages, restaurant dinning behaviors, and consumer interests were taken to be advantageous in this marketing research. The research design included a wide variety of close ended questions intended for the espresso consumer related to the research objectives, and were guaranteed to provide positive required results. The underlying technology of Nespresso originated from Geneva, and Nestlà © the mother company acquired commercial rights in 1974. The idea was to combine the rich market dynamics with technology and experience to come up with a unique product for a specific target market. However, this was marred by a number of tech nical problems that threatened to stall the project such as production and distribution costs which were higher that the turnover. Through highlighting such pitfalls, and identifying potential challenges as the market grows this report hopes to place Nespresso in a better position to grow and gain a competitive advantage. Marketing objective In the process of defining the scope of this marketing research, quite a number of areas were identified as crucial and critical for the growth of the organization. A careful review if the most important areas gave way to the isolation and identification of the following key points as the research objectives. To determine the frequency of using Nespresso products by the target market To determine which service and or products offered by the organization best satisfy market demands

Teaching Ethics State-level Employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teaching Ethics State-level Employees - Essay Example A tremendous interest in regards to research is identifying borderline children in elementary schools. Many children in the public school system are clearly performing below the state standard but do not qualify for special education. As a result, they persistently fail classes but are moved to the next level. It would be ideal if there existed a program that could be developed to help the borderline children pass. Whether this is something that would result in dividing the class into sections is something that should be researched, because it is a viable alternative which would allow the child to maintain the curriculum with a better chance of success. Funding, however, is always an issue and of course, the state is reticent to expend resources on research when children are passing state standards. There does not appear to be any legislation within the state of California as applied to research. On July 12, 1974, the National Research Act (Pub. L. 93-348) was signed into law, thereby creating the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. One of the charges to the Commission was to identify the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects and to develop guidelines which should be followed to assure that such research is conducted in accordance with those principles. In carrying out the above, the Commission was directed to consider: (i) the boundaries between biomedical and behavioral research and the accepted and routine practice of medicine, (ii) the role of assessment of risk-benefit criteria in the determination of the appropriateness of research involving human subjects.

Impact of WTO membership on China’s Agriculture Sector Essay Example for Free

Impact of WTO membership on China’s Agriculture Sector Essay Although fruitful for sectors like finance and banking, China’s WTO member has not proved to be that much lucrative for the agriculture sector of China since it provides both opportunities and threats for the country’s economy. At one hand, China’s decreasing tariffs of agricultural exports attracted global market thereby causing a considerable boom in the year 2004 in which China’s agricultural exports raised to $17. 3 billion. At the other hand, as a result of free trade China faces a major threat in terms of the competition for domestic grains like corn and soybeans with the imported grains of better quality thereby snatching the livelihood of many farmers and people related to the agriculture sector. For the very reason, China has not opened its market of agricultural products as much as it has for the manufactured goods. Another reason behind a non restricted import of agricultural goods is that such a step on China’s behalf would have led to a trade deficit. Keeping in mind China’s growing population, China’s import would have superseded its export in case of non-protectionism. Also, China faces a risk of suffering losses because such products are easily infected and such a scenario can not only leave a scar for China’s growing international repute but can also cause a major set back to the Chinese exporters. Impact of China’s membership of WTO on China’s Manufacturing Industry: The manufacturing industry of China represents one of the major successes pertaining to the membership of WTO. Because of the cheaper prices of China made goods in the international market, the demand of these products is ever increasing. In case of manufacturing of automobiles, China has been excelling since 1975 but the major boom after its membership of WTO indicating a production percentage increase of 41. 3 percent in a single year when its production number raised to 3. 25 million in the year 2002. Today, the China’s automobile industry stands among the world’s top automobile giants. In the case of China’s Telecommunication Industry with China having entered 2nd generation of mobile communications equipment, china has launched its replica mobile phone. Unusually similar in appearance to the high quality branded cell phones, china made replica mobile phones are cheaper enough to satisfy a number of customers across the globe. Impact of WTO membership on China’s International repute: Having discussed the impact of WTO membership on China’s economy, what remains worth mentioning is a series of changes for the other sectors of the country. The impact of globalization is not just confined to the financial gains but has also left a strong image of China thereby hushing away the chances of any other world war in future. For the pro-globalists, globalization has opened new horizons for China to reach out to the world. This has resulted in an ascendance of China’s products across the world. The proliferation of China made good across the world are so wide that it has left U. S. with a ‘China Street’ in the New York City and Pakistan with a ‘China Market’ in the country’s capital. Both these markets are peculiarly meant for the selling of China made goods that are much cheaper as compared to those made by other countries. It is the result of internationalization that China has permeated into every corner of the global community by attracting the customers with its cheaper prices. But the other side of the coin suggest contrary to the positive side WTO membership on China’s international repute. The exemption of trade barriers encourages the flow of infections and diseases through products from one place to another. SARS stands as one such example that had left many people at the verge of death. It was in first few months of the year 2003 that marked the outbreak of SARS. â€Å"Originating in southern China in late 2002 (or earlier by some accounts), the epidemic quickly infected more than 8,000 people in 30-plus countries, causing nearly 800 deaths within six months. By the time the disease was finally brought under control, Beijing’s initial mishandling of the crisis, as well as the SARS scourge itself, had taken a serious toll on China’s economy and its international reputation. † Impact of WTO membership on China’s Legal System: Gregory C. Chow in his article ‘The impact of joining WTO on China’s economic, legal and political institutions’ suggests that the WTO membership of China has not only resulted in economic boom but has also brought an amelioration in the legal system of the country. He lays his assumption on the fact that by WTO membership China is dealing with a number of international firms. The exposure of foreign laws would positively affect China to pave its way to legal modernization. Also, it is in the aggrandizing phase of globalization that China has enacted many commercial laws that involve the laws pertaining to bankruptcy and corporate behaviour. It is a direct result of this fact that the number of Chinese legal personnel continue to increase. With WTO membership, this move towards globalization is further facilitated thereby suggesting a further amelioration of China’s legal system. Impact of China’s membership of WTO on other nations: Of all the corollaries of China’s entrance into the World Trade Organization, the global competition supersedes providing both the optimistic and pessimistic implications for the world. At one hand the increasing competitive has triggered a wave of fear for many smaller economies by dragging them at the verge of economic fiasco. At the other hand, the same competitiveness has fostered the production of high quality products and innovative technologies employed by the competitors. China’s accession to WTO demanded a decline in China’s tariffs on goods. These tariff barriers were employed by China as a technique of economic protectionism in order to flourish the domestic industry that might have faced overwhelming competition by the entrance of foreign goods with low tariffs. Making it crystal clear, the WTO membership not only opened new opportunities for China to globalize its export but with the ascendance of export the integration also caused the increase of import by China being forced to lower the tariffs on imported goods. According to the findings of Dorothy Guerrero in ‘China, the WTO and Globalization: looking beyond growth figures’ China had to lower down its overall tariffs on agricultural goods from 54 percent in 2001 to 15. 3 percent in 2005. However the net results favoured China in a sense that even in the absence of high tariffs, some invisible barriers for the products of foreign countries were still implemented by China. These non tariff barriers indirectly dissuade the participants of international trade market from progressively entering China’s domestic market. These non tariff barriers involve issues pertaining to stringent security check, product certification, labelling standards, delay in customs clearance and import approval. The stringency of these national non tariff barriers significantly differ from the international standards and often keep varying from time to time. As a result of rejection based on these national standards, foreign manufacturers suffered a great loss especially in terms of agricultural products. This rejection has lessened their share of goods exported to China. Apparently being insulated from the economic progress and WTO membership of China, Chinese Politics also experiences changes in terms of the preference of communists or democrats. Just like WTO demands free trade and rights of all the nations, the Chinese citizens of future can be predicted to unanimously demand democracy for the rights of every citizen.

From Mind to Supermind: A Statement of Aurobindonian Approach :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

From "Mind" to "Supermind": A Statement of Aurobindonian Approach ABSTRACT: In contrast to Western theories of mind, Aurobindo’s theory is comprehensive and holistic. This theory derives from his ontology. With respect to mind, Aurobindo contends that evolution will not stop with homo sapien. Rather, he posits higher levels of consciousness: Higher Mind, Illumined Mind, Intuitive Mind, Overmind, and Supermind. Higher Mind is an intermediary between the Truth-light above and the human mind. Illumined Mind is Spiritual light. Intuitive Mind possesses swift revelatory vision and luminous insight. Overmind acts as an intermediary between Supermind and Intuitive Mind. Supermind contains the self-determining truths of Divine Consciousness; it is the Real-Idea inherent in all cosmic force and existence. The various concepts and theories of mind prevalent today have had their origin and development in the West. They can be classified as : Psycho-analytical (cf., Sigmund Freud, Karl Jung, A. Adler), Behavioural (cf., Gilbert Ryle), Gestalt (cf., Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler), Physiological (cf., J. J. C. Smart, U. T. Place, Feigl), Psycho-physical (cf., Karl Popper), Evolutionary (cf., Henry Bergson, Samuel Alexander, Whitehead), Functional (cf., R. Rorty, Peter Smith, O. R. Jones), and Mental or Homo Sapiens-oriented (cf., Roger Penrose). The outcome of all such discussions is that "mind" is mysterious and beyond all scientific explanation. According to the main contemporary view, in particular, `there is something essential in human understanding that is not possible to simulate by any computational means’. This indicates that the nature of mind continues to remain a source of acute discomfort to the Western thinkers. Even their new empirical findings regardin g the highly complex mental acitivity is dubious. The object of this paper is to submit that in this context of the West’s indecisiveness and perplexity, Aurobindo’s approach to mind comes as a breath of fresh air. Aurobindo’s theory of mind is as much "inclusive" of the essence of the Western schools of thinkers cited above, as it is "contrastive". The pioneers in this area from William James and McDougall through Freud, Jung and Adler etc, established the paradigm of the "iceberg" with reference to the nature of mind. This can be designated as the "infra-structural" theory of the entity. The views of the "evolutionists" (Darwin, Laplace, Bergson, S. Alexander, Whitehead, for instance,) are "different" but not "enriching". All of them fail to recognise that any infra-structure can, and must have, logically speaking, a "supra-structure" as well, in order to be complete and holistic.

Adlerian Group Therapy Essay

According to Glanz and Hayes (1967) Group Counseling and group terapy are almost contradictory concepts to he individual not familiar with the detailed practices present and groups, counceling, and therapy. multiple counseling, group guidance, and the lmost interchangeble use of counseling and psychotherapy have added to the uncertainty of the dimensions and true nature of these new concepts. Adlerian in Group Counseling According to Corey (202) Adler was a politically and socially oriented psychiatrist who showed great concern for the common person. Indeed, many of his early clients were working-class people who struggled to make a living, raise and educate their children, and make a difference in society. Part of Adler’s mission was to bring psychological understanding to the general population and to translate psychological concepts into practical methods for helping a varied population meet the challenges of everyday life. Alfred Adler made signifi cant contributions to contemporary therapeutic practice. Adler believed in the social nature of human beings, and he was interested in working with clients in a group context. He established more than 30 child guidance clinics in which he pioneered live demonstrations by interviewing children, adults, teachers, and parents in front of community groups. He was the fi rst psychiatrist to use group methods in a systematic way in child guidance centers in the 1920s in Vienna. To fully appreciate the development of the practice of Adlerian psychology, one must recognize the contributions of Rudolf Dreikurs, who was largely responsible for extending and popularizing Adler’s work and transplanting Adler’s ideas to the United States. He did a great deal to translate Adlerian principles into the practice of group psychotherapy, and he used group psychotherapy in his private practice for more than 40 years (see Dreikurs, 1960, 1967, 1997). Dreikurs developed and refi ned Adler’s concepts into a clear-cut, teachable system with practical applications for family life, education, preventive mental health, and, especially, group psychotherapy (Terne r & Pew, 1978). Dreikurs was a key fi gure in developing the Adlerian family education centers in the United States. Work with children and their parents in a group setting paved the way for Dreikurs’s pioneering group psychotherapy.It is believed that Dreikurs was the fi rst person to use group therapy in a private practice. Adlerian interventions have been widely applied to diverse client populations of all ages in many different settings. Adlerian group therapy is an integration of key concepts of Adlerian psychology with socially constructed, systemic, and brief approaches based on the holistic model developed by Dreikurs (Sonstegard & Bitter, 2004). Objectives of Adlerian Group Therapy  ·Establishing and maintaining an emphatic relationship between clients and counselor that is based on mutual trust and respect and in which the client feels understood and accepted by the group.  ·Providing a therapeutic climate in which clients can come to understand their basics beliefs and feelings about themselves and discover why those beliefs are faulty.  ·helping clients develop insight into their mistaken goals and self-defeating behaviors through a process of confrontatio and interpretation.  ·assisting clients in discovering alternatives and encouraging them to make choices that is, put insights into action.  ·Group provides a mirror of person’s behavior.  ·Group members both recieve and give help. Techniques THE FAMILY CONSTELLATION Adler considered the family of origin as having a central impact on an individual’s personality. Adler suggested that it was through the family constellation that each person forms his or her unique view of self, others, and life. Factors such as cultural and familial values, gender-role expectations, and the nature of interpersonal relationships are all infl uenced by a child’s observation of the interactional patterns within the family. Adlerian assessment relies heavily on an exploration of the client’s family constellation, including the client’s evaluation of conditions that prevailed in the family when the person was a young child (family atmosphere), birth order, parental relationship and family values, and extended family and culture. EARLY RECOLLECTIONS As you will recall, another assessment procedure used by Adlerians is to ask the client to provide his or her earliest memories, including the age of the person at the time of the remembered events and the feelings or reactions associated with the recollections. Early recollections are one-time occurrences pictured by the client in clear detail. Adler reasoned that out of the millions of early memories we might have we select those special memories that project the essential convictions and even the basic mistakes of our lives. Early recollections are a series of small mysteries that can be woven together and provide a tapestry that leads to an understanding of how we view ourselves, how we see the world, what our life goals are, what motivates us, what we value and believe in, and what we anticipate for our future (Clark, 2002; Mosak & Di Pietro, 2006). BIRTH OEDER AND SIBLING RELATIONSHIP The Adlerian approach is unique in giving special attention to the relationships between siblings and the psychological birth position in one’s family. Adler identified five psychological positions, or vantage points, from which children tend to view life: oldest, second of only two, middle, youngest, and only. Stages of the Alerian Group Therapy STAGE 1: ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAININGCOHESIVE RELATIONSHIPS WITH MEMBERS In the initial stage the emphasis is on establishing a good therapeutic relationship based on cooperation, collaboration, egalitarianism, and mutual respect. By attending to the relationship from the first session, counselors are laying a foundation for cohesive ness and connection. Adlerians hold that the successful outcomes of the other group stages are based on establishing and maintaining a strong therapeutic relationship at the initial stage of counseling (Watts & Eckstein, 2009). Group participants are encouraged to be active in the process because they are responsible for their own participation in the group. The group situation provides sample opportunity to work on trust issues and to strengthen the relationship between member and leader. Also, by witnessing positive changes in peers, participants can see how well the group works. STAGE 2: ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT (EXPLORING THE INDIVIDUAL’S DYNAMICS) The aim of the second stage is twofold: understanding one’s lifestyle and seeing how it is affecting one’s current functioning in all the tasks of life (Mosak & Maniacci, 2011). During this assessment stage, emphasis is on the individual in his or her social and cultural context. Adlerians do not try to fi t clients into a preconceived model; rather, they allow salient cultural identity concepts to emerge and attend to a clients’ personal meaning of culture (Carlson & Englar-Carlson, 2008). The leader may begin by exploring how the participants are functioning at work and in social situations and how they feel about themselves and their gender-role identities. STAGE 3: AWARENESS AND INSIGHT Whereas the classical analytic position is that personality cannot change unless there is insight, the Adlerian view is that insight is a special form of awareness that facilitates a meaningful understanding within the counseling relationship and acts as a foundation for change. Yet this awareness is not, in and of itself, enough to bring about signifi cant change. It is a means to an end, not an end in itself. According to Carlson and Englar-Carlson (2008), the Adlerian approach is both insight oriented and action oriented. Although insight into our problems can be useful, it is essential that this awareness leads to constructive movement toward desired goals. It is to be noted that people can make abrupt and signifi cant changes without much insight. STAGE 4: REORIENTATION AND REEDUCATION The end product of the group process is reorientation and reeducation. The reorientation stage consists of both the group leaders and the members working together to challenge erroneous beliefs about self, life, and others. The emphasis is on considering alternative beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes. During this stage, members put insight into action, making new choices that are more consistent with their desired goals (Carlson & Englar-Carlson, 2008). There is a change in members’ attitudes toward their current life situation and the problems they need to solve. This reorientation is an educational experience. Adlerian groups are characterized by an attempt to reorient faulty living patterns and teach a better understanding of the principles that result in cooperative interaction (Sonstegard & Bitter, 2004). One of the aims is teaching participants how to become more effective in dealing with the tasks of life. Another aim is challenging and encouraging clients to take risks and make changes. References: Corey, G. (2012), Theories And Practice of Group Couneling Eight edition. United States, 2008 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Corey, G. (2009), Theories And Practice of Counseling and Psychoterapy. United States, 2005 Thomson Brooks/Cole.z

Analysis of “Their Eyes Were Watching God” Essay

The search for one’s identity is as poignant for the fictional character Janie as it was for former slave Frederick Douglass. Douglass used education to form an independent identity, which would separate him from the white slave masters. In contrast, Janie attempts to construct a dependent identity through marriage to each of her three husbands. With the death of her final husband Tea Cake, she plants the seeds he left behind, symbolically proving that she has grown as the seeds will grow and she is now a woman with her own identity. Janie’s first husband Logan does not understand that like any plant, Janie needs room to grow. He gives Janie material advantages through his sixty acres of land, but does not know how to treat her as his wife and not a servant. The reader receives a glimpse into his heart as he sobs while shouting his suspicion that she is planning to leave him, proving that he does want to please her. Through their lack of communication, however, Janie feels that the relationship is dead and leaves to marry Joe Starks, whom she believes will always provide her with springtime. Joe Starks gives her material wealth as well as a prominent position in the community for the price of her ultimate subservience. He is a jealous husband so she is not allowed to let her hair down in the store for fear that other men might covet it, and he refuses to let her take part in the community gatherings outside the store. After seven years of marriage and constant submission, Janie reflects on their relationship, realizing that â€Å"She wasn’t petal-open with him anymore.† As in her first marriage, Joe wants someone who will serve him and fill the role of the mayor’s wife, not an equal partner. While married to Joe she can only be the mayor’s wife and receive respect through his position instead of receiving respect for herself. Janie’s final marriage to Tea Cake teaches her to love herself, though at first she still is dependent upon having a man around for a sense of identity. She places great importance on his desire to play checkers with her and it seems as though Janie will always need a man beside her for fulfillment. Tea Cake shows her to love each aspect of herself. Janie comments on their blooming relationship during the hurricane, â€Å"If you can see the light at daybreak, you don’t keer if you die at dusk. It’s so many people never seen de light at all.† Janie’s light is her newfound ability to realize her worth. When Tea Cake is bit by the mad dog and attempts to bite her Janie saves herself, knowing that he loved her more. At the novel’s conclusion Janie says, â€Å"Two things everybody’s got tuh do fuh theyselves. They got tuh go tuh God, and they got tuh find out about livin’ fuh theyselves.† Thus power of truth for Janie is not book knowledge, but rather the knowledge that she has grown to discover an identity all her own.

bonk essays

bonk essays Medieval Weapons were (are) very dangerous. They can kill, puncture, wound, hurt, or anything else. All weapons from the Middle Ages were looked upon as frightening and crucial tools to kill. From a small dagger to a large cannon; all weapons A lot, in fact most of the weapons were used for siege and defense against castles. Castles were the most integral part of the Middle Ages. They held the king, the servants and anyone else important. If you wanted land or money, a castle was the perfect Movable Towers were just one thing used to lay siege on these castles. Not necessarily a weapon itself, it held Knights and (or) peasants carried many weapons depending on what specialty they had. Some carried bows-and-arrows, others maces, some swords, some knifes, etc. A mace was a metal ball with metal spikes welded on the ball. A chain was attached to a wood stick onto the ball. The Other siege weapons included the ballista, a HUGE crossbow- like slingshot that could send a huge tree trunk 3 football fields long. The ballista was manly for breaking down castle walls, or for scattering The most commonly used weapon was the sword. It was a long metal object that was very sharp on both sides. The sword could actually cut the sheet metal on modern day cars. Imagine this power through your neck! Next to the sword, the soldiers held a small dagger in a pouch on their belt. This was used to finish people off, as a last resort, or sometimes Trebuchet, the name strikes fear in peoples eyes, a HUMONGOUS slingshot that could send a big monkey boulder 2 football fields. This weapon could be used to demolish castle walls, or could even be used to kill hundreds of people on the battlefield. Anyway used, it was a big dangero ...

Definition of Tag Question and Its Use in Spanish

Definition of Tag Question and Its Use in Spanish A tag question is a brief question that follows a statement in which the person asking is seeking confirmation or denial of the statement. In both English and Spanish, it is common to use tag questions when the person making the statement expects the listener to be in agreement. In both English and Spanish, a tag question following a negative statement is usually in the affirmative, while a tag question following a positive statement is usually in the negative. The most common Spanish tag questions are  ¿no? and  ¿verdad?, with some usage of  ¿no es verdad?. English question tags usually take the form exemplified by are they?, arent they?, is it?, and isnt it?In both English and Spanish, a negative tag question is answered in the affirmative (such as yes or sà ­) if the responder is in agreement. This is in contrast with German or French, which have special words (doch and si, respectively) for giving an affirmative answer to a question that is negative in form. Also Known As Question tag in English, coletilla interrogativa in Spanish (although the term is seldom used). Examples of Question Tags Tag questions are in boldface: El presidente es loco  ¿no? (The president is crazy, isnt he?)No eres guatemalteca  ¿verdad? (Youre not Guatemalan, are you?)Este ordenador es nuevo  ¿no?  (This computer is new, isnt it?)No quieres comer  Ã‚ ¿verdad? (You dont want to eat, do you?)

MGT CHECKPOINT WK6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGT CHECKPOINT WK6 - Essay Example First, I will call for an impromptu meeting with the union officials and discuss the matter at hand. In this meeting, I will convince them that the management have them in mind and that the issues at hand can be resolved without the need for the planned action. Secondly, armed with employee’s issues at hand, I will plan a meeting with upper management. In this meeting, I will remind the upper management of the employee’s rights and those rights that the company may be violating that is making the employees unhappy. In Addition, I will discuss other matters like employees promises not met, their working conditions, and any other issues raised by employees. It will be good to remind the upper management of the good work that the team is doing and without it, the company cannot achieve what it has. The management will give a stipulated time after which we will have a meeting with the union official to give

In what ways was globalisation not a peaceful process Assignment

In what ways was globalisation not a peaceful process - Assignment Example Globalisation can be stated as an accelerator of the social change and may act as a vehicle for conflict aggravating the tensions in any known society along with even generating new ones. It is a qualitative shift towards a worldwide economic system which is no longer dependent on independent national economies but on a consolidated global marketplace for production, distribution & consumption. It has opened the door for liberalisation, but the concerned process created a number of conflicts globally. For this reason, globalisation can be termed as a conflicting process. Globalisation and conflict, both are interconnected phenomenon. Though the process of globalisation serves the entire globe in terms of facilitating in comprehensive and multi-faceted development but over the past two decades it has created a number of issues or conflicts as well. Multiculturalism comes with the facet of globalisation but it at times brings a conflicting situation around it. In addition to this, migr ation has had a major role to play in relation to developing a problematic scenario for the countries. Globalisation leaves various impacts towards the society such as various diseases related to human, animal and plant can easily spread at a rapid speed due to its affect. For example, imports of the bird flu affected chickens can affect the country which particularly makes an import of those chickens. Globalisation promotes easy transfers of the foreign business nationals from one country to another which amplifies the threat of transfer of diseases. Peace of any country can be destroyed if that particular country does not enjoy equality in global affairs. Globalisation over the years has been continuously increasing the gap between the poor and rich in terms of earnings (from both country-wise and individual perspectives). It can be viewed that only developed countries generally enjoy the advantages that originate from globalisation. In general, representatives from developed coun tries largely participate in building policies with regard to globalisation. Consequently, poor countries such as African countries get poorer (Manitoba, n.d.). With these considerations, the research study particularly aims to provide an explanation to the fact which suggests that globalisation was not a peaceful process. The various ways in which globalisation can be said to be not a peaceful process have been determined. In this regard, various examples related to the conflict generated during the process acclimatising globalisation have been depicted that support the fact that globalisation was not a peaceful process. Moreover, the study also exemplifies certain criticisms and arguments against globalisation. Conflicts Associated with Globalisation There have been various conflicts in and around the process of globalisation. The greater proportion of proponents of this global economic policy primarily came from the most powerful and richest countries. Contextually, the US govern ment set globalisation as an official objective of its economic and foreign policy about eight long years ago. More or less each country of the globe has faced the negative facets of globalisation. For example, owing to globalisation, a large number of employees have lost their jobs overnight on a global basis especially in the developed nations as their jobs had been outsourced to the countries such as India as well as China where cost of operations is

Describe the purpose of assessment in Adult nursing Essay

Describe the purpose of assessment in Adult nursing - Essay Example Emotional and social factors on the other hand include occupation, responsibilities, family ties, attitude towards health care, emotional tone and mood (Dougherty & Lister, 2011). Nursing assessment is essential as it is the foundation of an effective nursing care plan. A comprehensive nursing assessment is conducted by a registered nurse and it can be defined as extensive and ongoing collection of data for families, individuals and communities at large. This ongoing data collection is a method of addressing emergent and anticipated changes in the health of an individual in comparison to the previous condition. Older people need continuing health care because of their interrelated health care problems. Nursing assessment for the adults is done to ensure that they get the appropriate timely and effective response to their health problems and needs (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2011). There is another type of nursing assessment known as the focused nursing. According to the national council of states boards of nursing (2011), this is an appraisal of the health status of an individual making a contribution to comprehensive assessment to support the ongoing data collection. Focused assessment also helps the nurses to make a decision of who needs to be given the information and when it is appropriate to do so. Focused assessment is specific on patients in emergency. Assessment is usually the first step in the nursing process thus it is the basis for a good health care plan (Schaller-Ayers & Fuller, 2000). The crucial details for making accurate assessments are to view all patients holistically in order to identify their needs. Assessment is not just a mere collection of data but involves the critical thinking of nurses to validate and synthesize the information to make informed judgements of the life process of individuals (Standing, 2010). It is about understanding and describing

Treatments for Hormone Sensitive Breast Cancer

Treatments for Hormone Sensitive Breast Cancer Rae Broz Oestrogen inhibiting Tamoxifen Citrate; an Antineoplastic Agent used to Treat Hormone Sensitive Breast Cancer The Hormone Oestrogen (E) fuels female breast growth production at puberty. Within the breast of mature women, there are milk ducts called lobes which branch out to form lobules or acinus. Together, these are called the terminal lobular unit (TDLU) (Bullock, 2013, pp. 917-918). Due to the various hormonal cycles that happen during a woman’s lifetime including, but not limited to child birth, Oestrogen and Progesterone levels are continuously fluctuating causing constant remodelling of the breast tissue. For example, menstruation causes the breast tissue to become increasingly vascular and encourages acinar tissue and ductal growth. Ancinar tissue converts to secretory glands through the release of progesterone at the luteal stage of the menstrual cycle. At this stage the terminal ducts are also dilated. (Craft. J, 2011, p. 951) Mitotic stem cell division is increased within the TDLU during these stages leading to the development and renewal of the epithelial lining, increasing the chance of cell mutations in the TDLU an area where the majority of breast cancer (BC) occur (Craft. J, 2011, p. 983). Studies show a positive sign of hormone sensitive BC is the increased amount of Oestrogen receptors (ERÃŽ ±). The more ErÃŽ ±s in the affected cells, the greater affinity with E, therefore cell reproduction rises, leading to faster BC cell replication (Patani, 2014). A benign tumor within the breast will remain localized and closely resembles normal epithelium cells within the tissue. Growth is at a slow rate within the TDLU, unlike a malignant (cancerous) tumor. The malignant tumor grows rapidly differentiating from the normal epithelial cell. It invades other tissue space and nearby blood and lymph vessels explaining why BCs easily spread into the lymphatic system and other areas of the reproductive system. Risk factors affecting hormone sensitive breast cancer development in women are Post-menopausal obesity and the woman’s age at the birth of her first child, as connections between older mothers and obese post-menopausal women to ERÃŽ ± positive BC have been discovered (Yager Davidson, 2006). Tamoxifen Citrate (Trans-1-[4- (2-dimethylaminoethoxy) phenyl] 1, 2 -diphenyl-1 –butene) is a non-steroidal drug and an antineoplastic agent called a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) (Marrero-Alonso et al., 2013). It is recommended as part of the treatment of hormone sensitive breast cancer due to its affinity with ERÃŽ ± acting as an antagonist to E, slowing cell division within the breast consequently stopping the progression of the BC (Bryant, 2011, p. 822). Tamoxifen is given orally, absorbed in the gastro intestinal tract and metabolized in the liver by the enzymes CYP-450, 2D6 and 2C9. (Mandlekar, 2000 #20) Metabolites, produced are the ERÃŽ ± receptor binding 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) and N-desmethyltamoxifen (DMT). Both have anti Oestrogen affects very close to their parent drug and cause apoptosis of BC cells. After dosing, various serum levels of Tamoxifen and metabolites were found within the lungs, liver ovaries and the endometrium and corpes luteum of the uterus, also in metastases within the brain and pancreas (Health Communication, 2004). Levels peak in about 3-6hours post a 10mg dose and reach a steady state around 4 weeks of therapy. They bind to albumin and are excreted mainly in the faeces so have a long half-life 5-7 days for Tamoxifen and 10-14 days for DMT (Health Communication, 2004). Due to the metabolism of Tamoxifen and its metabolites, there is a risk of serum accumulation in prolonged treatment and or patients with poor hepatic function dosing regimens major need intermittent adjustment according to serum level findings. (Health Communication, 2004). Phenytoin lowers Tamoxifen metabolism and should therefore not be used concurrently with Tamoxifen for extended periods of time unless a therapeutic drug (Endoxifen) monitoring strategy is utilized as Tamoxifen will lose effectiveness. (Gryn, Teft, Kim, 2014). It has been found that Tamoxifen treatment in postmenopausal women is beneficial in reducing calcium loss by reducing apoptosis of osteoclasts thus sustaining bone density (Nakamura et al., 2007). This unfortunately is not the case in premenopausal women; in these cases osteoporosis is often increased with the use of Tamoxifen, dependent on whether chemotherapy had caused amenorrhea or not (Vehmanen, Elomaa, Blomqvist, Saarto, 2006). Tamoxifen use has been linked to increased episodes of deep vein thrombosis (VTE) in women using the drug in breast cancer prevention treatment (Decensi et al., 2005). Finally patients receiving Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer long term ( > five years) are at greater risk of mortality from endometrial cancer than those who did not receive Tamoxifen (Jones et al., 2012). Word count: 687 Reflection I hope I have created a better assignment this time round. I found the tutorial held on the 29/4/2014 very helpful as was the typed feedback sheet. I printed the latter out and sat it beside me while I typed out my assignment, along with the rubric and learning outcomes from the subject outline, referring to them often. The handwritten feedback was a little harder to decipher but I managed ok. My suggestion would be to type in an alternate colour e.g. Red for the feedback remarks on the actual assignment. I have learnt a lot from this assignment both about the subject and myself. I have incorporated more information into this assignment and have not included any quotes or paraphrasing from any of the texts I have used. The only similarities shown in turnitin were from my previous assignment. I have to say even with the setback I have enjoyed it. Word count: 151 References Bryant, B. a. K., K. (2011). Pharmacology for health professionals. Chatswood, NSW, Australia: Elsevier. Bullock, S. a. H., Majella. (2013). Principles of Pathophysiology. Frechs Forest, NSW, Australia: Pearson. Craft. J, G. C. a. t. A. (2011). Understanding Pathophysiology. Chatswood, NSW, Australia: Elsevier. Decensi, A., Maisonneuve, P., Rotmensz, N., Bettega, D., Costa, A., Sacchini, V., . . . Veronesi, U. (2005). Effect of tamoxifen on venous thromboembolic events in a breast cancer prevention trial. Circulation, 111(5), 650-656. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000154545.84124.ac Gryn, S. E., Teft, W. A., Kim, R. B. (2014). Profound reduction in the tamoxifen active metabolite endoxifen in a patient on phenytoin for epilepsy compared with a CYP2D6 genotype matched cohort. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, Publish Ahead of Print, 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000051. Health Communication, N. (2004). MIMS Online. from Health Communication Network Jones, M., van Leeuwen, F., Hoogendoorn, W., Mourits, M., Hollema, H., van Boven, H., . . . Swerdlow, A. (2012). Endometrial cancer survival after breast cancer in relation to tamoxifen treatment: Pooled results from three countries. Breast Cancer Research, 14(3), R91. Marrero-Alonso, J., Morales, A., Garcà ­a Marrero, B., Boto, A., Marà ­n, R., Cury, D., . . . Dà ­az, M. (2013). Unique SERM-like properties of the novel fluorescent tamoxifen derivative FLTX1. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 85(3, Part B), 898-910. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.04.024 Nakamura, T., Imai, Y., Matsumoto, T., Sato, S., Takeuchi, K., Igarashi, K., . . . Kato, S. (2007). Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor alpha and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts. Cell, 130(5), 811-823. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.025 Patani, N. a. M. L. A. (2014). Understanding response and resistance to oestrogen deprivation. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 382(1), 683-894. Vehmanen, L., Elomaa, I., Blomqvist, C., Saarto, T. (2006). Tamoxifen treatment after adjuvant chemotherapy has opposite effects on bone mineral density in premenopausal patients depending on menstrual status. J Clin Oncol, 24(4), 675-680. doi: 10.1200/jco.2005.02.3515 Yager, J. D., Davidson, N. E. (2006). Estrogen Carcinogenesis in Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(3), 270-282. doi: doi:10.1056/NEJMra050776

Personal Narrative: My Trip to Texas :: essays research papers

Have you ever been to Texas? I have been once. My trip to Texas was unbelievably awesome. I saw many of things on my way there. While we were there, I had loads of fun. Many things happened while we were there. Texas was the coolest place I have ever been. On the way to Texas, we had to drive across the Louisiana Bridge. While we were driving across the bridge, I noticed that the bridge was standing in one huge murky muddy marsh. In the marsh were cattails. They were growing and were being used as a disguise by many of animals. I was staring at the water below us and it took me a minute but I saw an alligator in the midst of the cattails. He was long and a grayish brown. He was camouflaging himself within the cattails. It did not take long for us to pass him but I thought it was the coolest thing I had ever seen. When we arrived in Texas, we had to drive all the way to Austin in order for us to get to my grandfathers hotel. When we got there and I saw the hotel, I thought to myself that it was the most beautiful hotel in the world. It had color stained windows and when the sun shined through them, you could see a rainbow. The hotel looked like a catholic church with all of the breathtaking colors. My grandfather said that he loved living there because it made him feel rich. When we awoke the next morning, we got dressed and left the hotel headed towards Six Flags over Houston. My grandfather had bought us some coupons for the entrance fee so it would not cost as much. When we arrived, the air seemed very oppressive. The mood had already set itself to a very depressing day. We walked to the entrance and we found out that the coupons were no good. That did not stop us our parents paid the normal cost. We were finally at Six Flags. Personal Narrative: My Trip to Texas :: essays research papers Have you ever been to Texas? I have been once. My trip to Texas was unbelievably awesome. I saw many of things on my way there. While we were there, I had loads of fun. Many things happened while we were there. Texas was the coolest place I have ever been. On the way to Texas, we had to drive across the Louisiana Bridge. While we were driving across the bridge, I noticed that the bridge was standing in one huge murky muddy marsh. In the marsh were cattails. They were growing and were being used as a disguise by many of animals. I was staring at the water below us and it took me a minute but I saw an alligator in the midst of the cattails. He was long and a grayish brown. He was camouflaging himself within the cattails. It did not take long for us to pass him but I thought it was the coolest thing I had ever seen. When we arrived in Texas, we had to drive all the way to Austin in order for us to get to my grandfathers hotel. When we got there and I saw the hotel, I thought to myself that it was the most beautiful hotel in the world. It had color stained windows and when the sun shined through them, you could see a rainbow. The hotel looked like a catholic church with all of the breathtaking colors. My grandfather said that he loved living there because it made him feel rich. When we awoke the next morning, we got dressed and left the hotel headed towards Six Flags over Houston. My grandfather had bought us some coupons for the entrance fee so it would not cost as much. When we arrived, the air seemed very oppressive. The mood had already set itself to a very depressing day. We walked to the entrance and we found out that the coupons were no good. That did not stop us our parents paid the normal cost. We were finally at Six Flags.

Case analysis: Deloitte & Touche Essay

In Deloitte & Touche, women had accounted for almost half of all new hires throughout the 1980s, yet by 1991, of the 50 candidates being nominated for partnership on that year, only four were women. There was serious imbalance of male and female gender in the workforce despite steps to ensure that the firm would be hiring women during the 1980s. Moreover, the high turnover of women leaving was accruing huge expenses for the firm . In this paper, I will first discuss the challenges faced in the organization and the reasons why the management saw a need for an organization change. Next, I will argue that the current situation favors the change process and despite the possible restraining forces; Deloitte & Touche is in a good position in successfully implementing the strategies. I will then discuss the possible restraining forces that would hinder the change and comment on the recommendations and strategies by the Task Force. Lastly, I will suggest further solutions that would help in overcoming the restraining forces so that this would further aid in the development of the change process. Mike Cook had initially assumed that the main reason why women left the workforce in greater numbers was due to family commitments. However, despite the strategies implemented in the 1980s to hire more talented women and ensuring that there was no glass ceiling for women in the firm, the statistics in 1991 proved that the previous solutions were not adequate and that the firm was incurring huge expenses due to the high rate of turnovers. Thus in 1992, a Task Force was formed whereby the firm hired outside consultants to find out why women were not advancing at the same rate as men, and why they were leaving at a higher percentage rate. After much investigations and interviews, the Catalyst report showed that the top two reasons for their departure was because the women had perceived that there was a male dominated work environment and that opportunities for career advancement was difficult. An imbalance work-life which was perceived by Mike Cook as the main reason was ranked third in importance. Clearly, the management had earlier identified the main reason incorrectly. When one examines the situation at hand, the firm is in a favorable position to execute the change. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, the critical mass, whom are the partners in the firm are suddenly aware of the  real problem the plagues the firm. Engaging the critical mass is crucial as their support for the change is important and their leadership would help transmit effectively the change strategies. Secondly, the firm is presently at the third stage of the development process, whereby they have diagnosed correctly the exact problem. In addition, Lois Evans, one of the top-ranked women in the firm had similarly echoed that the current work environment was a crappy place for any woman to be. By identifying the precise problem, the organisation can now tackle more effectively and implement the appropriate solutions to change the male dominated corporate culture. Changing a corporate culture is extremely difficult and this in my opinion is the biggest restraining force. The challenge for any organization is how to reinforce people in changing an old culture that has lasted for so long. The key to the success is not to impose cultural changes, but to facilitate an environment whereby employees are involved in finding their own new approaches to change. Another major restraining force that might occur is that many male employees might sense a threat in their positional power. In addition, many male workers might start wondering whether these changes would benefit them, and would start questioning the strategies suggested by the Task Force which seems to favor women only. The organization at present is still not accustomed in seeing women in positions of power and thus by developing leadership platforms for women such as an advisory council might bring about suspicion and insecurity for the men. In examining the recommendations suggested by the Task Force, I do agree that the firm should hold workshops and seminars to educate and communicate to the employees that men and women are colleagues . I would suggest that during these workshops, change agents should inform the male workers their subtle actions and words can actually create an unwelcome culture for women. Insensitive comments that make women feel uncomfortable in the workforce should also be avoided. For example, statements such as â€Å"someone working part-time is not interested in the career† or â€Å"she has kids, maybe he should handle the international assignments† should not be made formally, as well as in an informal setting. In addition, managers should also learn to avoid gender stereotypes that women are incapable to handle challenging  assignments simply because they are mothers. Therefore by increasing the awareness of the dangers of stereotyping, male employees would understand and be mo re acceptable when they recognize and see major changes in the work environment that might favor women employees. I similarly agree with the Task Force that the firm should build goals in their business planning and provide directional goals for women in leadership . Defining the criteria to measure and monitor progress for women is also crucial. This is because better information and improving access to career development and training opportunities are significant ways in educating the women their route of advancement. It is obvious that if you do know what is available, the possibility of you attempting to take part would be much higher. Thus it is important to ensure that women receive the same opportunities as men and this can be solved by designing a program to monitor the promotion rates among women and men. I would therefore suggest that the Human resource department have a program that tracks work assignments to ensure that women at Deloitte & Touche are considered for premier clients and projects at equal rates as their male counterparts. Offices should be evaluated annually, ensuring women are being offered fair shots at career-advancing assignments. Another solution is to include women as assessors and to ensure that they are included on senior promotion interview boards. However, one should be cautious and avoid achieving a fix quota. The firm must highlight that equality and meritocracy still exists in the workplace between men and women. This is crucial so that the firm would avoid to be seen as promoting a women-favored environment only. Besides the listed solutions in the case study, there are further considerations that Mike Cook might need to consider. Firstly, it is important to have a policy that is clear to the staff within the organization. Moreover, identifying the right people within the firm to implement the policies is vital as electing change agents who might unconsciously or consciously disagree with the new corporate philosophy might in return sabotage the whole change process rather than aid it.  Secondly, the creation of a positive environment has to start with the chief executive officer and the leaders, and they must set the example in creating an atmosphere of encouragement for the women. The management must also be prepared to provide sufficient resources for the training and development of women. Thirdly, in the creation of a flexible work environment for women as recommended by the Task Force, the challenge the organization face is to dispel myths that the only way a worker can contribute and have the potential for career advancement is on accumulating work hours or â€Å"face time†. While the management should allow women to work at home on occasional periods, and be connected to the work site via a computer through tele-working, the complexity of have this flexible work environment or working from home is in the method of supervision. Managers therefore need to plan and prepare for the experience of tele-work and develop appropriate communication and accountability strategies. Managers should also be respectful to the employee and their personal workspace and have to be careful not to neglect the worker, causing them to fall into the â€Å"out of sight† trap. In conclusion, Deloitte & Touche is in a good position in sustaining and implementing the change process. This is because the firm has correctly identified the root problem and possess a strong Task Force in recommending sound strategies. However, the firm must still be aware of possible restraining forces and also take time to set the right policies and choose the correct change agents within the firm to spearhead this change process. Managers should also be aware of the difficulties in having a flexible work environment, and thorough research and planning should be invested into this program so that they are better prepared to handle the transition.

“Facing Poverty with a Rich Girl’s Habits” Analysis

The name of the essay is â€Å"Facing Poverty with a Rich Girl’s Habits† by Suki Kim on November 21, 2009. In this essay she is telling us about a Korean girl went from being rich to her family going broke overnight. Ms. Kim is telling us about her struggles trying to adjust to a different society. She also needed to learn English and she found difficult to learn. One main point in her life was when her father lost everything overnight that ever mattered to the family. She was then moved to Queen, New York in the 1980’s where she started Jr. High. Suki had difficulty adjusting to America, especially not knowing how to speak English at all. The supporting details is when she stated that she watched reruns of â€Å"Three Company† in an attempt to learn English. She also stated that more brutal than learning English was facing poverty with a rich’s girl memory. A second main point is that immigration is meant to be the great equalizer, yet it is not easy to eradicate the divisions of the old country. She recalled at 13, is an acute awareness of the distance between her and her fellow F. O. B. ’s, and another, more palpable one between those of them in E. S. L and the occasional English- speaking Korean- American kids, who avoided them though they brought them certain undefined shame. The supporting details is that years later she learned that they were, in fact separated from them by generations. Those that sat in in huddle in that E. S. L class grew up to represent the so called 1. 5 generation. Many of them came to America in their teens, already rooted in Korean ways and languages. The writer’s purpose in genre is that she is now a Korean- American who once lived wealthy in Korea and then moved to a big city of Queens in the 80’s and really forced to learn English and adjusting to a new society. The audience is for all ages to read. The author tones towards her reader was calm when explaining her difficulties to adjusting to a new environment and going from rich to poor and having to learn how to be independent. Once she got older she became very good at speaking English that she became an interpreter for the Family Assistance Center.

Legal Research Essays

Legal Research Essays Legal Research Essay Legal Research Essay Essay Topic: Law Simon, a first year law student, decided to buy a DVD for use at university. He wanted a machine that would play his own DVDs as he had a collection of films he had copied from video to DVD at home. He explained exactly what he wanted at the shop. However, when he got the machine home he found it would not play home-recorded material, but it did play the pre-recorded DVDs he had bought. He went back to the shop but they said they did not have the machine he wanted at that he could not have his money back as the DVD player they sold him was in perfect working order. Simon, deciding he needed a break booked a holiday, looking for: Sun, sand and Sangria. He told the holiday agents exactly what he wanted; lots of people, a full night life, luxury accomodation and the beach. He was assured that Hotel Luxor in Macedonia in July would be perfect to meet his needs. He took the holiday, paying by credit card. On his arrival, he found himself booked into a small chalet in the mountains, where it snowed. There was no room service,lights out at 10.00 pm and the only other guest at the chalet was a surly sheep. Thoroughly dissapointed, Simon returned to Liverpool to resume his law studies. However, he had not paid his full fees from the previous year and was not allowed to enrol on the degree. Advise Simon of his legal remedies in all the above circumstances. Thus, proceeds of every centavo a buyer gives off should be made known to him. The economic dispute among micro-businesses and that of retail stores has been an immense issue for the competition has been leveling up as time goes by. The drastic effect does not Just concern their industry but mostly the welfare of the end consumers. Therefore it is a must to discern the monetary outflow of the sales incurred by the shopping malls and those of the Mess or Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Acknowledgement The satisfaction and euphoria which accompany the triumphant completion of any task would be incomplete without mentioning the people who made it possible and We, the researchers, would like to extend our deepest gratitude to Tatty. Cleveland Z. Bulla who really had inspired us through his valuable insights to continue with our work. Also our appreciation to the pecuniary and moral support our parents have given us. We are deeply indebted to them for without their assistance, this report would not have been a possibility. List of Tables List of Figures

To Kill A Mocking Bird Opens Our Eyes Essay Example

To Kill A Mocking Bird Opens Our Eyes Essay Example To Kill A Mocking Bird Opens Our Eyes Essay To Kill A Mocking Bird Opens Our Eyes Essay Good morning/afternoon ladies and gentlemen. I am head of classic literature at the local University and I have come here today to talk about the way in which the well-known novel To Kill a Mockingbird makes comment on society. â€Å"Prejudice a vagrant opinion without visible means of support. † (Ambrose Bierce) Prejudice has been shaping our world for decades and has the ability to influence preconceived judgment and actions towards others. Famous author, Harper Lee has recognised and demonstrated how racial and social prejudice has played an important role in our society through her world renowned novel, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†. Within this novel she has successfully conveyed a message or better known as social commentary, to her audience that judging others on nothing but stereotypes is wrong. To do this, Lee has set her novel on society in the 1930s where strong racial prejudice was extremely common as the social norm and often not unfrowned upon at that point in history. By utilising specific narrative elements such as settings and symbolism throughout the novel, Lee has successfully made social comment on racial and social prejudice and how wrong and unfair it is. To Kill a Mockingbird was written by Harper Lee in mid-1950, during a period called the Civil Rights Movement. Even though the book was published in 1960, it was set in the 1930s and was strongly based around the Scottsboro Trial where nine African American men were accused of raping a young white woman as well as an underage woman. After a number of historic trials which were based on the lone testimony of one of the women, all of the African American men were found guilty and one of the men was sentenced to death convicted by a white jury. Harper Lee was born in April 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama, the same state as the trial and knew of the conditions surrounding it. Growing up she was known as a Tomboy and called writer, Truman Capote her friend. She has studied law at the University of Alabama through 1945 to 1949 before she published her only novel To Kill a Mockingbird. This novel was in fact based on her own town of Monroeville though she has created the book’s town named Maycomb. It was placed in the Deep South of the United States where slavery, zero equality and racial segregation was very present. Using her own experiences and knowledge of the strong racial prejudices around her, Lee has successfully provided her audience with a deep understanding of said prejudices and social justice therefore using it as a tool to create a clear comment on society and the wrongness that is racial prejudice. The setting of a book is the time and place in which it is written. Physical setting as well as the social and emotional settings tends to play a large role in a books entirety and even the message the writer is trying to convey to their audience. The physical setting is usually revealed in the introduction chapters of a book whereas the social and emotional settings can be known from the dialogue and action throughout the book. To Kill a Mockingbird was set in the small fictional Southern town of Maycomb in the 1930s where slavery and the Civil War of the 1860s still has a drastic effect on the town and it appears that change is only seen in the distant future. Clearly happy to stay in its own little world, Maycomb doesn’t know or seems to care about what’s happening elsewhere. â€Å"A day was twenty-four hours long but seemed longer. There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County. † (1. 6) There is no breaking the past with the town. When the same families have lived there for multiple generations, passing down the same family traits they have seen in the past there really isn’t much room for independent thought so the way things are in Maycomb are the way things will always been for them. The problem though is the way things have always been is racially segregated. The African Americans of Maycomb have their own settlement on the outskirts of town, their own church and cemetery outside of the city, even at Tom’s trial the African Americans sit separated from the whites; African Americans having seats up in the balcony whilst whites have the decent seats on the floor. Essentially the whites and blacks in Maycomb don’t live together, eat together, pray together, or even die together. Upon realising this, Lee’s audience will understand the emphasis put on racial prejudice, gives them a chance to set their own opinions and understand the wrongs that were happening at the time. Throughout To Kill a Mocking Bird, Harper Lee has used clever symbolism and original writing style to create a better understanding on her social comment about racial prejudice during her time. A writer’s style is basically their own unique way of writing. From the use of dialogue, language or tone, to symbolism, structure and point of view, each writer has their own style that accommodates what and how they plan to open a readers mind to what they have to write about. Lee’s writing style includes using a first person point of view as the young narrating character Scout Finch. From the very start of this novel it is obvious that that she is telling us of these events as a memory from her childhood perspective therefore as she understood the events at the time rather than using an adult sort of commentary. The perspective gives the readers a feeling of naivety as we tend to receive events as she just experiences them without telling us what they mean exactly. You could also say that, for some commentary that we got, was totally innocent. Though, when needed, there was an adult perspective in the background: â€Å"Mr Underwood didn’t talk about miscarriages of justice, he was writing so children could understand. Mr Underwood simply figured it was a sin to kill cripples, be they standing, sitting, or escaping. † (25. 65) A young Scout wouldn’t understand what a miscarriage of justice was, so this is the adult telling us that this is what actually happened, whereas a child’s perspective would translate to something along the lines of ‘what happened was a sin’. Lee’s unique style of writing is what makes this book so powerful to readers from teenagers to adults. It makes it clear to all what comment she’s trying to make on society and how racial prejudice has shaped the world around us. Symbolism is the way in which writers have used their words to express idea through imagery. Common ways to create some sort of symbolism in a novel are metaphors, similes, references and allusions. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Lee has used symbolism to teach her readers about stereotypes, racial prejudice and moral sin. Pointing out what others seem to be baffled about is the title of the book. It seems as though, if you didn’t know any better, you’d think the novel itself was written about something entirely different, but in this case the Mockingbirds are used as an allegory (or symbol) for innocence. Other than title, we first hear about the mockingbirds when Scout and her brother Jem are learning how to use their new air rifles where their father, Atticus, tells them to shoot all the blue jays they want but not to shoot a mockingbird because it’s a sin. Scout had never heard her father tell them it was a sin to do something so she asked Miss Maudie about it. â€Å"Your father’s right,† she said. â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. †Ã¢â‚¬  (10. 99/100) She’s essentially saying that mockingbirds are innocent and harmless creature that won’t hurt anyone so therefore killing them is wrong. The same can be said about Tom’s innocence of the crime he’s accused of as he does no harm to anyone. Killing him would not prevent any bad nor will it bring any good, just like shooting a mockingbird. Lee’s use of symbolism like this gets the audience thinking about the point she’s trying to bring across and again she has made clear social comment on the injustice of prejudice against those who are different. To Kill a Mockingbird is successful in conveying the message that racial and social prejudice is wrong. Harper Lee has utilised the narrative elements of setting in the small Southern town of Maycomb, symbolism within the title itself as well as her unique writing style to achieve social comment. To Kill a Mockingbird is a fantastic book that is capable of changing a reader’s perspective on the world around them and gives us a chance to open our eyes at how much has changed for the better and how far we have to go.